Radiology: Spine CT Scans for Dogs and Cats

Spine CT Scans for Dogs and Cats

CT myelograms

A computed tomography examination is the most advanced method for diagnosing spinal diseases and disorders in dogs and cats.
Unfortunately, unenhanced CT scans do not always show clear findings, for example:

• The unenhanced CT scan shows several protrusions. It is not always possible to assess with certainty which of the detected protrusions are the cause of the clinical symptoms – however, this is essential in the context of a decision for or against surgery.

• Artefacts, a congested vascular plexus, or borderline image quality can make it difficult to interpret the images clearly and reliably, especially in very small patients.

“In these cases, myelography is used more and more as an additional diagnostic means in veterinary medicine”, explains Dr Florian Willmitzer of DiploVets. “A CT myelogram helps in assessing the severity of compression and identifying the location of the relevant protrusion. In some cases, a lesion is only visible through a CT myelogram.”

Considerations when carrying out CT myelograms on dogs and cats

1. Puncture in the lumbar region if possible due to much lower risk of complications.
2. Puncture site: L4/5 or L5/6. Shave, wash, and thoroughly disinfect this area.
3. Then obtain and examine CSF before administering the contrast agent (if possible, this opportunity should be taken with every patient).
4. Application of contrast agent: 0.2 ml/kg subarachnoid. A suitable contrast agent is Iopamiro 350, for example. Caution: Do not exceed the maximum dosage of 6.5 ml/animal for large dogs.
5. Place the animal in a sternal position with the head tilted downwards (about 45°) for about 3–5 minutes.
6. Then scan again in a supine position, soft tissue and bone window reconstructions.

In conclusion, Dr Willmitzer gives the following advice: "A myelography is an invasive procedure that may involve complications. There may also be a (temporary) worsening of symptoms. Pet owners should be informed of this in advance."

How and when can teleradiology assist with CT findings?

Teleradiological assessment by our Diplomates is offered, for example, to colleagues who do not yet have sufficient expertise in myelography. Some cases are also so unusual that colleagues prefer to consult DiploVets – as an additional reassurance on the accuracy of their findings and thus further treatment.
External CT reporting can naturally also be carried out by DiploVets if no specialised colleagues are available.
Colleagues receive a detailed report within 24 hours so that further diagnostics and treatment of the patient can proceed quickly.